Uganda, often celebrated as the “Pearl of Africa,” is one of the richest birding destinations in the world. With over 1,090 recorded bird species, the country hosts nearly half of Africa’s total bird species and a variety of habitats ranging from tropical rainforests and wetlands to open savannahs and alpine highlands. Whether you are a seasoned ornithologist or a casual bird lover, Uganda provides an unmatched birdwatching experience that is both diverse and accessible.
Uganda’s geographical location at the convergence of East African savannah, West African rainforest, and Central African lowlands makes it uniquely positioned for bird diversity. In addition, Uganda’s manageable size and well-established tourism infrastructure allow travellers to experience multiple habitats and national parks within a single safari journey. The availability of trained birding guides and well-preserved habitats enhances the chances of spotting rare and endemic species.
Birdwatching safaris in Uganda offer much more than ticking off species on a list, they provide moments of wonder, peaceful observation, and a deeper appreciation of nature. From the haunting call of the African Fish Eagle to the delicate flutter of forest sunbirds, each encounter enriches the experience. Below is a guide to the top birds to watch and the best places to enjoy a birding safari in Uganda.
Top Birds to Watch on a Birding Safari in Uganda
Uganda boasts an impressive diversity of bird species, including rare, endangered, and Albertine Rift endemics. Below are some of the top birds to spot on a birdwatching safari:
- Shoebill Stork: This prehistoric-looking bird is one of Uganda’s most sought-after species. Found in wetlands like Mabamba Swamp, the Shoebill is known for its massive shoe-shaped bill and patient hunting style.
- African Green Broadbill: This striking, rare green bird is an Albertine Rift endemic, typically found in the montane forests of Bwindi, particularly in the Ruhija sector.
- Great Blue Turaco: A large, colourful bird with striking blue and green plumage often seen gliding between tall trees in forests like Kibale and Mabira.
- Green-breasted Pitta: Extremely elusive, this bird is a prized find for experienced birders. Kibale National Park is among the few places where it can be seen.
- African Fish Eagle: Recognised as Uganda’s national bird, it is famed for its iconic call and expert fishing skills, commonly seen near lakes and rivers.
- Bar-tailed Trogon: A vibrant forest species found in the woodlands of Mgahinga and Bwindi, making it a delightful sight for avid birdwatchers.
- Rwenzori Turaco: Endemic to the Rwenzori Mountains, its vibrant colours and unique call make it a must-see.
- Papyrus Gonolek: This vibrant bird with contrasting red and black feathers is usually found in papyrus swamps near Lake Victoria.
- Black-and-white Casqued Hornbill: A common forest species known for its loud calls and huge casque-topped bill.
- African Grey Parrot: Renowned for its intelligence and vocal abilities, this species is often observed flying in flocks through forests such as Budongo and Kibale.
Top birding destinations in Uganda
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is one of Africa’s top birding destinations, especially known for its wealth of Albertine Rift endemics. The park is home to over 350 bird species, including 23 species found nowhere else in the region. Its dense montane rainforest creates a rich habitat that supports a diversity of rare and colourful birds.
The Ruhija and Buhoma sectors are rewarding for birdwatchers. Ruhija is a prime spot to see the elusive African Green Broadbill, while Buhoma frequently reveals sightings of the Black Bee-eater and Bar-tailed Trogon. The Mubwindi Swamp trail, although physically challenging, is a must-visit for birders aiming to spot rarities such as Shelley’s Crimsonwing.
Birding in Bwindi is excellent year-round, but the dry seasons from June to August and December to February offer the most favourable conditions. Knowledgeable local guides, from surrounding communities, enhance the experience with their expertise and cultural insights.
A visit to Bwindi also offers the rare opportunity to combine world-class birding with gorilla trekking, making it a truly unique wildlife destination.
Mabamba Bay Wetland
Located on the shores of Lake Victoria near Entebbe, Mabamba Bay Wetland is the top spot in Uganda to see the iconic Shoebill Stork. This Ramsar-listed wetland is rich in swamp and aquatic bird species, drawing birders from across the globe.
Birding at Mabamba is done via traditional wooden canoes that glide through narrow papyrus-lined channels. Alongside the Shoebill, birders can expect to see African Jacanas, Goliath Herons, Malachite Kingfishers, and the elusive Papyrus Gonolek.
Its proximity to Entebbe makes Mabamba an ideal half-day birding destination, particularly in the early morning when bird activity is at its peak. The wetland remains vibrant throughout the year, though October to April is best for viewing migratory species.
Mabamba is managed by the local community, offering eco-friendly birding experiences while supporting conservation and sustainable tourism.
Kibale National Park & Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary
Though famed for primates, Kibale National Park is equally renowned for its avian biodiversity, boasting over 375 bird species. Some highlights include the Green-breasted Pitta, Nahan’s Francolin, African Grey Parrot, and Dusky Long-tailed Cuckoo.
A network of trails within Kibale Forest enables birders to explore the canopy and understory habitats. Early morning and late afternoon walks are particularly productive, often accompanied by sightings of primates and forest elephants.
Adjacent to Kibale, the Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary offers a contrasting birding environment with swamp-loving species such as the Great Blue Turaco, Speckled Tinkerbird, and White-winged Warbler. Cultural tours led by local guides enrich the experience further.
A two-day visit combining Kibale and Bigodi provides an immersive and varied birdwatching adventure suited to both seasoned birders and enthusiastic beginners.
Queen Elizabeth National Park
Queen Elizabeth National Park is Uganda’s most species-rich birding destination, with more than 600 species recorded. Its diverse ecosystems,including savannah, forest, lakes, and wetlands,offer unparalleled birding opportunities.
The Kazinga Channel, connecting Lakes George and Edward, is best explored by boat and offers sightings of African Skimmers, Saddle-billed Storks, African Spoonbills, and various kingfishers. The Ishasha sector is known for raptors and open grassland birds like the Martial Eagle and Secretary Bird.
Maramagambo Forest offers a quieter birding experience, with highlights such as the Blue-shouldered Robin-chat and forest flycatchers. The park’s diversity ensures something new to see across different habitats.
Queen Elizabeth National Park uniquely blends birdwatching with classic wildlife viewing, giving visitors the opportunity to spot diverse bird species alongside elephants, lions, hippos, and other big game.
Semuliki National Park
Semuliki National Park, Uganda’s only lowland tropical rainforest, offers a birding experience akin to Central Africa. With over 440 bird species, including many rare elsewhere in East Africa, it is a must-visit for serious birders.
Species such as the White-crested Hornbill, Congo Serpent Eagle, and Nkulengu Rail make Semuliki a sought-after destination. The Kirumia Trail, which requires a full-day trek, is the main birding route and offers a deep immersion into the forest ecosystem.
Due to its remote location, most visitors stay in Fort Portal and make day trips to the park. While the journey requires planning, the solitude and rare bird species reward the effort.
Semuliki is suited for experienced birders seeking off-the-beaten-path adventures and pristine, biodiverse environments.
Murchison Falls National Park
Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda’s largest, combines birding with classic safari experiences. The park’s diverse habitats, ranging from savannah and riverine woodland to wetlands and forests, support over 450 bird species.
A boat trip along the Nile River, especially to the base of the falls, is a highlight. Birders can spot African Darters, Goliath Herons, Giant and Pied Kingfishers, and even the Shoebill, particularly near the Nile Delta.
The savannah plains are rich with birdlife, featuring species like the Black-bellied Bustard, Abyssinian Ground Hornbill, and Northern Carmine Bee-eater. Meanwhile, Rabongo Forest enhances the diversity with forest species such as the White-crested Turaco.
Birding excursions are most productive in the morning or during boat cruises, making Murchison ideal for birders seeking both diversity and scenic variety.
Mgahinga Gorilla National Park
Although small, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is a gem for birders targeting Albertine Rift endemics. Nestled in Uganda’s southwest corner, the park forms part of the Virunga Mountain range, bordering Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Over 180 bird species have been recorded here, including the Rwenzori Turaco, Dusky Crimsonwing, and Kivu Ground Thrush. The Gorge Trail and Mount Gahinga Trail offer excellent birding routes through montane and bamboo forests.
Mgahinga is also known for its golden monkey tracking and Batwa cultural encounters, adding depth to a birding trip. Its dramatic volcanic landscapes enhance the overall experience.
Mgahinga is an ideal destination for birdwatchers seeking stunning landscapes, unique endemic birds, and a deep cultural experience.
Budongo Forest Reserve
Part of the larger Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Budongo Forest Reserve is one of Uganda’s premier forest birding sites. It is especially noted for sightings of Puvel’s Illadopsis, a bird rarely seen elsewhere in East Africa.
The Royal Mile, a wide forest path flanked by towering mahogany trees, is a premier spot for birdwatching. Notable species include the Chocolate-backed Kingfisher, Nahan’s Francolin, Ituri Batis, and Chestnut-capped Flycatcher.
Budongo is also a top destination for chimpanzee tracking, allowing visitors to encounter diverse forest wildlife. Guided bird walks are crucial for navigating the thick vegetation and spotting rare species.
Easily reached from Masindi town, Budongo is an accessible option for travellers seeking a rich and rewarding forest birding experience without extended travel detours.
Things to Carry and the Best Time for a Birding Safari
Proper preparation is essential for a successful and enjoyable safari in Uganda. Here are the must-have items to pack:
- Binoculars (preferably 8×42 or 10×42 for clear and detailed views)
- Field guidebook to East African birds (e.g., “Birds of East Africa” by Stevenson and Fanshawe)
- Notebook and pen for jotting down sightings
- Camera with a zoom lens for bird photography
- Rain jacket and waterproof gear for forest and swamp visits
- Sturdy hiking boots and lightweight clothing in muted colours
- Insect repellent, sunscreen, and a sun hat
- Reusable water bottle to stay hydrated
- Voice recorder or birding app (e.g., Merlin Bird ID) for calls and identification
Best Time for Birding
Uganda offers year-round birdwatching opportunities, but the optimal time is during the dry seasons, from December to February and June to August. During these months, trails are more accessible, and birds are more active and visible, especially around water sources. Migratory birds from Europe and North Africa are present between November and April, adding to the diversity. However, forest birding, especially in Bwindi and Kibale, can still be rewarding even in the rainy season due to resident and endemic species.
In conclusion,Uganda stands out as a premier birdwatching destination in Africa, offering various species and stunning natural backdrops. Whether you’re searching for the legendary Shoebill in Mabamba Swamp, the rare Green-breasted Pitta in Kibale, or Albertine Rift endemics in Bwindi, Uganda’s birding safaris deliver unforgettable experiences. With the right gear, timing, and enthusiasm, a birdwatching adventure in Uganda can become the highlight of any nature enthusiast’s life.
